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P
P p
(See below)
Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Type	Alphabetic and Logographic
Language of origin	Latin language
Phonetic usage	[p] [pʰ] [(p)f] [pʼ] [b] /piː/
Unicode value	U+0050, U+0070
Alphabetical position	16
History
Development
Time period	~-700 to present
Descendants	• Ᵽ • ₱ • ℘ • ℗ • ♇ • ꟼ • 𐍀
Sisters	Π π Ⲡ П פּ פ ף ف ܦ پ ࠐ 𐎔 በ ጰ ፐ Պպ
Variations	(See below)
Other
Other letters commonly used with	p(x), ph
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

P (namedpee/piː/^[1] ) is the 16th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

• 3Related characters

History

Phoenician P	Archaic Greek Pi	Greek Pi	Cyrillic Pe	Etruscan P	Latin P

Use in writing systems

In English orthography and most other European languages, ⟨p⟩ represents the sound /p/.

A common digraph in English is ⟨ph⟩, which represents the sound /f/, and can be used to transliterate ⟨φ⟩ phi in loanwords from Greek. In German, the digraph ⟨pf⟩ is common, representing a labial affricate/pf/.

Most English words beginning with ⟨p⟩ are of foreign origin, primarily French, Latin, Greek, and Slavic;^{[citation needed]} these languages preserve Proto-Indo-European initial *p. Native English cognates of such words often start with ⟨f⟩, since English is a Germanic language and thus has undergone Grimm's law; a native English word with initial /p/ would reflect Proto-Indo-European initial *b, which is so rare that its existence as a phoneme is disputed.

However, native English words with non-initial ⟨p⟩ are quite common; such words can come from either Kluge's law or the consonant cluster /sp/ (PIE *p has been preserved after s).

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, /p/ is used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive.

Related characters

Ancestors, descendants and siblings

The Latin letter P represents the same sound as the Greek letter Pi, but it looks like the Greek letter Rho.

• 𐤐 : Semitic letter Pe, from which the following symbols originally derive
  • Π π : Greek letter Pi
    • 𐌐 : Old Italic and Old Latin P, which derives from Greek Pi, and is the ancestor of modern Latin P. The Roman P had this form (𐌐) on coins and inscriptions until the reign of Claudius, ca. 50 AD (See also Claudian letters).
    • 𐍀 : Gothic letter pertra/pairþa, which derives from Greek Pi
    • П п : Cyrillic letter Pe, which also derives from Pi
  • Ⲡ ⲡ : Coptic letter Pi
• P with diacritics: Ṕ ṕṖ ṗⱣ ᵽƤ ƥᵱ^[2]ᶈ^[3]
• Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to P:^[4]
  • U+1D18ᴘLATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL P
  • U+1D3EᴾMODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL P
  • U+1D56ᵖMODIFIER LETTER SMALL P
• ₚ : Subscript small p was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902^[5]

Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols

• ₱ : Philippine peso sign
• ℘ : script letter P, see Weierstrass p
• ℗ : sound recording copyright symbol
• ♇ : Pluto symbol
• ꟼ : Reversed P was used in ancient Roman texts to stand for puella (girl)^[6]
• Ꝑ ꝑ, Ꝓ ꝓ, Ꝕ, ꝕ : Various forms of P were used for medieval scribal abbreviations^[7]

Computing codes

Character	P		p
Unicode name	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P		LATIN SMALL LETTER P
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
Unicode	80	U+0050	112	U+0070
UTF-8	80	50	112	70
Numeric character reference	P	P	p	p
EBCDIC family	215	D7	151	97
ASCII1	80	50	112	70

¹Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

NATO phonetic	Morse code
Papa	·––·

Signal flag

Flag semaphore

American manual alphabet (ASLfingerspelling)

Braille

See also

• Pence or 'penny,' the English slang for which is p (e.g. '20p' = 20 pence)

References

1. ^'P', Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); 'pee,' op. cit.
2. ^Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). 'L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS'(PDF).
3. ^Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). 'L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS'(PDF).
4. ^Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). 'L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS'(PDF).
5. ^Ruppel, Klaas; Aalto, Tero; Everson, Michael (2009-01-27). 'L2/09-028: Proposal to encode additional characters for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet'(PDF).
6. ^Perry, David J. (2006-08-01). 'L2/06-269: Proposal to Add Additional Ancient Roman Characters to UCS'(PDF).
7. ^Everson, Michael; Baker, Peter; Emiliano, António; Grammel, Florian; Haugen, Odd Einar; Luft, Diana; Pedro, Susana; Schumacher, Gerd; Stötzner, Andreas (2006-01-30). 'L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS'(PDF).

External links

• Media related to P at Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition of P at Wiktionary
• The dictionary definition of p at Wiktionary

Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.

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Noun	1.	P - a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms atomic number 15, phosphorus chemical element, element - any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter apatite - a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus
2.	p - the 16th letter of the Roman alphabet Latin alphabet, Roman alphabet - the alphabet evolved by the ancient Romans which serves for writing most of the languages of western Europe alphabetic character, letter of the alphabet, letter - the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech; 'his grandmother taught him his letters'

P

¹p¹[piː]N (= letter) → P, p f
P for Peter → P de Pedro
to mind or watch one's Ps and Qs → cuidarseortener mucho cuidado de no meter la pata

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p[ˈpiː]n (= letter) → P, p m
P for Peter → P comme Pierre
to mind one's Ps and Qs → se surveiller

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p[piː]n (letter) → P, p f or m inv
P for Peter → P come Padova
mind your p's and q's! → bada a come parli!

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